As the reaction rate increases the battery cell accepts more charging current, which results in more gassing and so the process continues. The heat released causes the battery temperature to rise, which accelerates the rate of the reaction. If it does, then it reacts to turn back into the water. When water breaks down it releases hydrogen and oxygen gas. But if the battery is overcharged, the charging current can break down the battery water. Under normal circumstances, this heat dissipates.
That means heat is generated from the chemical reactions taking place. Lead Acid Batteries undergo an exothermic reaction during charging. At around 160☌ the plastic components of the battery will melt. Physical components of the battery can melt, explosive gases can be released, battery acid can be ejected. If the battery can not eject the heat fast enough, temperatures can quickly reach boiling point and beyond. More serious than the damage to the battery, which must then be replaced, is the dangers of fire and explosion. This chain reaction causes further increases in the battery temperature and destroys the battery cell. Thermal runaway occurs when the heat generated by the chemical reaction can not be dissipated fast enough and feeds the reaction even more. What is a thermal runaway, and why should I be worried about it? In this document, we will focus primarily on battery temperature monitoring for high temperatures, as this is the indicator of battery faults and poor health. At extremely low temperatures the electrolytes inside the battery may even freeze, causing the battery to stop functioning completely. This is one reason why on cold days, a car battery can have problems producing enough current to effectively crank the engine. The internal resistance of the battery increases, and it’s capacity to produce high current on-demand decreases. The worst case is thermal runaway occurs.Īt lower temperatures, the battery chemical reactions slow down. If the temperature becomes too high, permanent damage to the chemicals (electrolytes) can result, shortening the battery lifespan and number of charging cycles. This increased speed of the chemical reaction can improve battery performance, to a point. As with all chemical reactions, as temperature increases so do the speed of the reaction. It contains chemicals, and the current is a result of reactions taking place between those chemicals. In simple terms, a battery is a store of energy. What is the ideal operating temperature for a battery? The difference between the two sensors can then be used to indicate potential battery health issues or failures in the attached circuits. Two temperature sensors can be deployed, one located on the negative terminal of the battery, and the other monitoring the ambient temperature.
When normal operating conditions such as charging and battery load are applied the temperature should not rise more than around 3☌ above the ambient temperature. The increased battery temperature is usually manifested on the negative terminal of the battery. Where to monitor the battery temperature? At worst the battery cell can rupture, explode, leak chemicals or cause a fire. At best, some mechanical distortion or change in the chemical composition will occur, resulting in a costly battery replacement. If the battery temperature is not monitored and properly regulated, permanent damage can occur.
Battery temperature monitoring can identify these faults, and alert in advance before a thermal runaway takes place. Common faults that result in elevated battery temperature are ground faults, shorted cells, poor ventilation or inadequate cooling, and lost regulation of charging. Share on LinkedIn Share Battery Temperature Monitoring Why is monitoring battery temperature important?įaults in a battery and its attached circuits can affect the temperature of the battery. Vaccine Transport and Storage Monitoring.
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